European University of Tirana

 

Bulgarian Academy of Science

 

Peacebuilding UK

 

Ivanovo Center for Gender Studies

 

5th International Summer School 

 

 

"Overcoming Trauma of War in Post-conflict Societies through Gender Lenses"

  

11-24 July 2016

Durres, Albania

DETAILED PLAN

 

DAY ONE

Date: MONDAY 11 July 2016

Dr. Stef Jansen

Morning Session

Time: 9.30 - 10.00

 

Opening ceremony, introducing of participants

 

Block 1: (RE)MAKING HOME IN THE BALKANS: A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE

 

 

Session 1

Time: 10.00 - 11.30

 

Topic: Unmaking home

 

Format: Lecture + Film

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: What does it mean to say that the post-Yugoslav wars were not relapses into pre-modernity but rather 'very modern wars'? How did campaigns to imprint forms of national classification in 'homelands' become the basis for legitimising violence? Which tensions between ascribed 'national identities' and subjectively felt 'national identities' arise? Why is it important to take into account the relative salience of national difference amongst other classifications? And why is it important to take into account the relative intensity of someone's sense of national belonging?

 

Assignments: Reading core text C Sorabji (see syllabus)

Coffee Break

11.30-12.00

Session 2

Time: 12.00-13.30

 

Topic: Home and place: return to what?

 

Format: Lecture + Film + Discussion

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: What does it mean to return to your 'home of origin'? Is your 'house' the same as your 'home'? What is the role of practices and relationships in people's sense of belonging to particular places? If return is best understood as part of processes of transformation, how can a focus on home-making help us understand this? When studying people's sense of belonging to particular places, why should we take into account both movement and non-movement? What are the implications of such understandings for policies promoting the return of refugees and internally displaced persons after violence?

 

Assignments: Reading core text S Jansen + case study A (see syllabus)

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

 

Session 3

Time: 14.00 – 15.30

 

Topic: Home and community: return to whom?

 

Format: Lecture + Film + Discussion

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: Policies on the return of refugees and internally displaced persons focus on the restitution of property and on physical safety. But what about the social dimension of return? How does the new composition of the population inform people's decisions on return and their experiences of it, if they do return? How can a focus on home-making help us understand this? And what is the role of gender and stage in the life course in this?

 

Assignments: Reading core text T Kolind + case study B (see syllabus)

Social dinner

20.30-23.00

 

DAY TWO

Date: TUESDAY 12 July 2016

Dr Stef Jansen

Morning Session

 

Session 4

Time: 9.30-11.00

 

Topic: Home and reconciliation: whose peace?

 

Format: Lecture + Film

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: In recent decades much attention in post-conflict situations is paid to processes of reconciliation. But how are the sides to be reconciled defined? What does reconciliation actually mean in practice? Whose reconciliation is being promoted, by whom, and what for? How much is reconciliation a priority and for whom? In which ways, if at all, do women and men integrate reconciliation into their everyday concerns?

 

Assignments: Reading core text S Jansen (see syllabus)

 

 

Coffee Break

Time: 11.00 - 11.30

 

 

Session 5

Time: 11.30-13.00

 

Topic: Home and intervention: whose democracy?

 

Format: Lecture + Film + Discussion

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: How do political interventions on different scales interact in 'supervised states'? What is the role of other states, of supra-state institutions (e.g. the EU), of the so-called 'International Community', of NGOs…? How do local people deal with this? How is this related to balkanist representations of the post-Yugoslav region as 'behind', as 'immature'? How do foreign interventions play out in different ways for different people, e.g. along gendered or age lines?

 

Assignments: Reading core text K Coles + case study C (see syllabus)

 

 

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

 

 

Afternoon Session

 

Session 6

Time: 14.00 - 15.30

 

Topic: Home and politics: 'normal lives'

 

Format: Lecture + Film

 

Lecturer: Stef Jansen

 

Objectives: Whenever the Balkans are in the news abroad, it tends to be because of certain political issues. What is the most common attitude towards politika in the region? How do people try to present their lives as entirely separate from politika? Why? Does this means people prefer individualist alternatives, trying to avoid order and evade control? What is the role of 'the state' in their understandings? Which socially acceptable roles are available for women and for men when they do engage in something that others may see as politics?

 

Assignments: Reading core text E Helms (see syllabus)

 

 

 

 

DAY Three

date: Wednesday 13th July 2016

Dr Ingrid Sharp

Morning Session

time: 9.30 – 11.00

 

Topic: From shellshock to PTSD: dealing with wartime trauma

 

Format: Lecture

 

Instructor: Dr Ingrid Sharp

Coffee Break

Time: 11.00 – 11.30

Lecture 2

Time 11.30-13.00

 

topic(s): Discussion of John Huston’s 1946 film ‘Let there be Light’

 

instructor(s) Ingrid Sharp

 

format: Discussion

 

assignments: Watch the film, available on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiD6bnqpJDE

Gary Egerton (1987) ‘Revisiting the recordings of Wars Past. Remembering the documentary trilogy of John Huston’ Journal of popular film and Television Spring 1987: 15, 1: 27-41 

Reviews of the film in American newspapers

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

time:14.00 – 15.30

 

topic(s):Trauma  and masculinities in different cultural contexts

 

format: summary and discussion of the article

Catherine Merridale  2000 ‘The collective mind: Trauma and Shellshock in Twentieth Century Russia’ Journal of Contemporary History, Vol 35 No 1, Special Issue: Shellshock (Jan 2000), pp. 39-55.

A personal story of a man with PTSD in America after the Vietnam War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYtXlVfv4Kc

World War 1 War neurosis and shellshock treatment  (Britain)

https://youtu.be/IWHbF5jGJY0

 

Assignments: watch the videos and consider the following questions:

How is the story framed?

What aspects of masculinity are retained by the traumatized man?

How does he overcome his trauma?

What message does the story have for viewers of the news item?

How do the two videos differ in their presentation of war trauma?

Read the article and/or reflect on the questions

  1. Is there a cultural difference in attitudes to men who suffer mental breakdown as a result of trauma?
  2. How have attitudes to trauma changed since WW1?
  3. What in your view is the cause of trauma in men and how can it best be prevented and/or treated?

 

 

 

DAY FOUR

date: Thursday 14th July 2016

Dr Ingrid Sharp

Morning Session

time: 9.30 – 11.00

 

Topic: Unspeakable horror? Remembering the air raids in Germany 1939-45

How can nations and individuals express and remember horrific historical events?

 

Format: Lecture

 

Instructor: Dr Ingrid Sharp

Coffee Break

Time: 11.00 – 11.30

Lecture 2

Time 11.30-13.00

 

topic(s): Discussion of Kurt Vonnegut’s 1969 novel Slaughterhouse 5

 

instructor(s) Ingrid Sharp

 

format: Discussion

 

assignments: Read the novel and the articles

Amanda Wicks (2014) “All This Happened, More or Less”: The Science

Fiction of Trauma in Slaughterhouse-Five, Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 55:3, 329-340.

Donald J Greiner (1973) ‘Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five and the Fiction of Atrocity’ Critique; Jan 1, 1973; 14, 3; Periodicals Archive Online pg. 38-51.

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

time:14.00 – 15.30

 

topic(s):Aerial bombing of German cities in WW2: war crime or military strategy?

 

format:

Discussion: The German and British debate: W. G. Sebald’s  On The Natural History of Destruction (1999) and ‘Bomber’ Harris and the bombing of Dresden 1945.

 

Assignments: read the novel, watch the videos and consider the following questions:

The German debate: W.G. Sebald and Jörg Friedrich

What does Sebald argue about the representation of aerial bombing in Germany?

How does he represent the bombing?

How does this compare with Vonnegut’s in Slaughterhouse 5?

What does he say about the German reaction to the bombing?

What place does the bombing have in German and British cultural memory?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqukS2ClMs0

The British debate: Bomber Harris and the bombing of German cities: War Crime or military strategy?

What are the arguments for and against bombing of civilians in cities during wars?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2276944/I-destroyed-Dresden-Bomber-Harris-unrepentant-German-city-raids-30-years-end-World-War-Two.html

Bomber Harris interview (7 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCmWoqIbA04

Summarise the arguments and justification for and against the area bombing of Germany during WW2.

 

 

 

DAY FIVE

date: Friday , July 15

Dr Trudy Anderson

Morning Session

time: 9.30 – 11.00

 

Time: 10.00 – 11.00

 

Topic: The War in Albania and Women: the 1997 “Civil War”, the Post-Soviet Syndrome, The Mafia,  and Gender; The “War” Over Minds and Bodies

 

Format: Lecture, handouts on Post-Communist and Post-Soviet Syndrome

(handout taken from : Martina Kicperova-Baker's work on “The Post-Communist Syndrome, Open Society, 1999.)

In Albania, Under Soviet and Chinese influences, and those of the Totaliatarian Dictatorship:

Manifestations of Post- Soviet Syndrome in the Gendered lens of Identity, Emotions, Cognitions, Actions and Morals in the arenas of the individual, the inter-personal,

the community, the social/and economic, the State, the International, and the worldview

(weltanschauung). A comparison with other Post- Soviet and Post-Communist countries:

China, Cuba, Russia.

 

Readings:

1. The Post -Soviet Syndrome, Collective Dis-Memory, Collective Amnesia, and “The Hidden Documentary” in Albania. Trudy Anderson, Fabian Kati, Ilda Papajani, IDMC, 2015.

2.  “Krushchev and Stalin's Ghost: Background and Meaning of Krushchev's Secret Report to the Twentieth Congress Night of February 24-25, 1956”, Federick A. Praeger, New YorK :1957.

 

 

Instructor: Dr. Trudy Anderson

Coffee Break

Time: 11.00 – 11.30

Lecture 2

Time 11.30-13.00

 

topic(s): The 1971 “aperture” and the following tightening of all

all  control, including media. “The Hidden Documentary”: A Historical Case Study.

 

instructor(s)

 

format: Round Table Discussion, film  

 

assignments: Gender and Historical Trauma in Society-- Albania, a Case Study, Part I

 

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

time:14.00 – 15.30

 

topic(s):Media censorship and gender and race

 

Format: Problems/ Solutions Session- The Albanian “Case Study”

 

assignments: What are other mechanisms besides the law, for creating change?

 

Assignments: Answer the question: What we can do in order to facilitate the promotion of anti discrimination laws and mechanisms on local and regional levels?

 

Evening session

20.30-22.15

Topic “Bodies of War” Screening the film “Body of War” with following discussion

 

 

DAY SIX

WEEKEND

date: Saturday  July 16  Trip to Tirana

 

 

DAY SEVEN

WEEKEND

date: Sunday , July 17 Ancient Albania: Trip to Apollonia

 

 

 

DAY EIGHT

date: Monday , July 18

Dr Trudy Anderson

Morning Session

time: 9.30 – 11.00

 

Topic: The Gender Lens and Conflict

 

Format: Lecture

Gendered Approach to Others in Decision Making, Self-Sufficiency, Problem Situations and the Outcome of Success Patterns, from Assertive to Aggressive Gendered Behaviour in Historical and Cross-Cultural Analysis: Soviet, Post- Soviet, Albania in “Transition”.

Readings:

1.“Why Stalinist Musicals”,  Trudy Anderson, DISCOURSE, 17.3, pp. 38-48.

2. “Gender, State and Society inSoviet and Post-Soviet Russia”, ed. Sarah Ashwin. Rouledge, London: 2000.

3. “The Assertive Woman”, Stanlee Phelps and Nancy Austin. San Luis Obispo, CA. Impact, 1975, p. 11: and Gerald Piaget, American Orthopsychiatric Association, 1975.

 

Instructor: Dr. Trudy Anderson

Coffee Break

Time: 11.00 – 11.30

Lecture 2

Time 11.30-13.00

 

topic(s): Socialist Realism and Gender, Post- Soviet Syndrome, Canun and Besa

 

instructor(s)

 

format: Round Table, film clips

 

assignments: Gender and Historical Trauma in Society-- Albania, a Case Study, Part II; Current Albania

 

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

time:14.00 – 15.30

 

topic(s):A Gendered Conflict Response Analysis

 

Format: Problems/ Solutions Session- The Albanian “Case Study”

 

assignments: Gender and conflict: Historical and Gendered ways of dealing with conflict. Influences: race, socialism, the canun system, the mafia and cartel, and the current “transition”.

 

Assignments: Chart- a “cultural” gendered self analysis

 

 

 

 

 

 

DAY NINE

Date: Tuesday 19 July 2016

Dr. Nikolai Vukov Refugee waves, traumatic events, and collective memory

 

Morning Session

Time: 9.30 - 10.00

Session 1

Time: 9.00-10.30

 

Topic: Introduction to the main themes covered by the course. Historical perspectives on collective memory of forceful migration. Presentation: “Refugee waves and population resettlements during the Balkan wars and World War II in the Balkans – the case of Bulgaria”

 

Format: Lecture

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

Coffee Break

11.30-12.00

Session 2

Time: 12.00-13.30

 

Topic: Presentation: “Traumatic events, memory transmission and representation – the case of ‘Thracian refugees’ in Bulgaria”

 

Format: Presentation

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

 

Objectives:

 

Assignments:

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

 

Session 3

Time: 14.00 – 15.30

 

Topic: Discussion – Studying war conflicts and population displacements from the perspectives of war, refugee and memory studies

 

Format: Discussion

Suggested readings:

Castles, Stephen, Mark J. Miller, The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. The Guilford Press: New York, 1993 (excerpts)

Rieber, A., “Repressive Population Transfers in Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe: A Historical Overview”, in: Rieber, A., ed., Forced Migration in Central and Eastern Europe. Frank Cass: London, Portland, 2000

Ther, Philipp, Ana Siljak, eds., Redrawing Nations. Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers: Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford, 2001.

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

 

Objectives:

 

Assignments: Text: Benmayor, Rina, Andor Skotnes, “Some Reflections of Migration and Identity”, in: Benmayor, R., A. Skotnes, eds., Migration and Identity. Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick and London, 2005.

Questions:

  • How do war conflicts and population displacements influence the practices of memory and commemoration?
  • What are the main aspects outlining memory of forceful resettlements as specific forms of collective remembrance?

How is memory of forceful resettlements maintained and reproduced over time?

 

 

 

 

DAY TEN

Date: Wednesday 20 July 2016

Dr. Nikolai Vukov  War conflicts, population displacements and cultural heritage

Morning Session

Time: 9.30 - 11.00

Session 1

Time: 9.30 - 11.00

 

Topic: Interactive lecture: “War conflicts, population displacements and cultural heritage: international policies and instruments related to heritage preservation”

 

Format: Interactive lecture

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

Coffee Break

11.00-11.30

Session 2

Time: 11.30-13.00

 

Topic: Presentation: “Trans-border commemorations and cultural heritage – examples from the Bulgarian- Turkish border”

 

Format: Presentation:

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

Lunch

13.00 -14.00

Afternoon Session

 

Session 3

Time: 14.00 – 15.30

 

Topic: Discussion – Studying war conflicts and population displacements from the perspectives of border, gender and heritage studies

 

Format: Discussion

Suggested readings:

Adell, Nicolas, Regina F. Bendix, Chiara Bortolotto, Marcus Taushek, eds., Between Imagined Communities and Communities of Practice. Participation, Territory and the Making of Heritage. Unversitätsverlag Göttingen, 2015. (excerpts)Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

La Barbera, Maria Catherina, ed., Identity and Migration in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Springer, 2015.

Wong, Laura, ed., Globalization and Intangible Cultural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO, 2005.

 

 

Lecturer: Nikolai Vukov

 

Objectives:

 

Assignments: Text: Vukov, Nikolai, Resettlements, Memory and Commemorative Returns: the Noting of the “Revival” Process in Bulgaria and the Politics of Memory. In: M. Elchinova, V. Ganeva-Raycheva, L. Gergova, S. Penkova, N. Rashkova, N. Vukov, M. Zlatkova, Migration, Memory, Heritage: Socio-Cultural Approaches to the Bulgarian-Turkish Border. Sofia, IEFSEM – BAS: 12–28. – http://www.2sidesborder.org/migration%20EN/index.html#/1/

Questions:

  • How is cultural heritage of displaced communities construed after war conflicts and refugee waves?
  • What are the international policies and mechanisms for safeguarding the cultural heritage of displaced communities?
  • How are gender identities reflected in different forms of maintaining cultural heritage and collective identity of displaced communities?

 

Evening session

20.30-22.30

Cinema club “Gendered cinema” Screening the film “Parada” with following discussion

 

 

 

DAY ELEVEN

July 21,  Lecturer – Assoc. Prof. Ana Luleva

Morning Session

09.30-11.00

 

1.     Topic: Debates about “Double Genocide” – EU-policies and national discourses. Part 1.

  

 

Tasks: to present the debate about “the Double Genocide” and his dimensions in the EU-Politics of memory and in the national discourses and memory cultures

 

Lecturer: Ana Luleva

 

Form: Presentation

11.00-11.30

Coffee Break

 

 

2.     Topic: Debates about “Double Genocide” – EU-policies and national discourses. Part 2.  

 

Task:  to discuss the memory politics and memory cultures about WWII in Central and Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe and Baltic States in comparison

 

Form: Discussion

 

Readings:  Reading: Memory and Theory in Eastern Europe, Ed. by U. Blacker/A. Etkind/J. Fedor. Palgrave, 2013, Part I and II.

 

Lunch

13.00-14.00

 

15.00 – 16.30 Trauma as a topic in the transitional justice and human rights discourses after 1989 in Eastern Europe.  Part 1.

 

 

Task: Trauma is a crucial topic in the discourses about human rights and transitional justice politics after the WWII. The task of the presentation is to give some knowledge and to propose a material for discussion about the connection between memory, trauma, human rights, political and historical justice in posttraumatic societies.  

 

Lecturer: Ana Luleva

 

Form: Presentation

 

 

DAY TWELVE

July 22,  Lecturer –Assoc. Prof. Ana Luleva

Morning Session

09.30-11.00

 

Topic: Trauma as a topic in the transitional justice and human rights discourses after 1989 in Eastern Europe.  Part 2 .

  

 

Tasks: To discuss the relation Trauma-Memory-Transitional Justice in different political and national contexts

 

Lecturer: Ana Luleva

 

Form: Discussion

 

Reading: 1. On Living through Soviet Russia, ed. by D. Bertaux, P. Thompson, A. Rotkirch. Chapters 9 and 10.

2. Memory, War and Trauma by N. Hunt. Chapter 7 and 8.

Coffee break

11.00-11.30

11.00 – 12.30

Topic:  Gender and Memory about terror: two case studies in Bulgaria Part 1.

 

Task: To address the gender specific memory about terror and WWII using the examples of memories of men and women.  

 

Lecturer: Ana Luleva

 

Form: Presentation

Lunch

  13.00-14.00

Afternoon  Session

14.00 - 15.30

 

Topic:  Gender and Memory about terror: two case studies in Bulgaria.

Part 2

 

Task: To discuss the gender specific memory about terror using the examples of narratives of men and women. 

 

Lecturer: Ana Luleva

 

Form:  Discussion

 

Reading: Luleva, A. Politics of Memory in Post-socialist Bulgaria and handouts

 

 

 

Morning Session

09.30-11.00 Round-table

 

Topic: "Overcoming of war trauma in Russia and Europe: gender aspects".

 

 

 

Questions for discussion:

How does the process of building cultural memory of war and overcoming war trauma affect the framing of national history?

- What is the influence of this process on formation of national, cultural and gender identities?

- What are the gender differences in overcoming trauma? How do trauma and commemoration affect building of gender relationships?

- How do refugees and forced migrants influence the recipient societies? What political, social, cultural, demographic changes do they cause?

- Traumas of contemporary world: nowadays challenges and practices of overcoming

 

 

Task: divide in small groups, choose one  question for discussion, discuss it beforehand and present the result of your discussion at the round table

11.00 – 1130

Coffee Break

11.30-12.30

Form: roundtable, part 2

 

Teaching About Rape in War and Genocide.

Overcoming trauma

 

Questions for discussion :

Why teach? How to speak about violence? Who should to be taught?

How to help victims of violence?

 

Format: common discussion, sharing personal experience of working with victims of violence

12.30-13.30

 Closing session

 

DAY FOURTEEN

WEEKEND

date: Sunday , July 24  Excursion to Berat

 

 

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